A1. If you want the VCP, you must also meet the training requirement. VCPs in other technologies have training below, at, and above the level of knowledge required for the exam - some people take the exam and take training at a higher level to meet the training requirement. Every VCP has always had a training requirement.
A2. It is possible to meet the training requirement and the exam requirement of a VCP in any order you choose. Also, see my response above about higher level training.
A3. Correct.
The requirements for every VCP are clearly stated, for example: https://www.vmware.com/learning/certification/vcp-am-dev.html
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