I experienced the same symptoms. But disabling power throttling for VMware Workstation did not change much. However, somewhere I found the advice to update to the latest nVidia graphics driver (my machine has an RTX2050 GPU). (The source is FIX: Computer is Slow after Windows 11 22H2 Update.) In fact, this works fine, my vms now run smoothly. The driver I'm using now is NVIDIA Studio Driver – WHQL (driver version: 536.23, published 2023, June 14). Hope this helps at least those having nVidia GPU in their machine. I find this solution preferable since I don't need to change anything of the machine's security settings.
Apparently, this solved also the reported problem of downloading large files for me (Microsoft Confirms Windows 11 2022 Update Causes Performance Issues When Copying Large Files). When I setup one vm recently with MS Visual Studio (download payload of more than 7 GB) this took an eternity of more than one hour, but downloading an update today (0.5 GB), after installation of the new driver, run fast as usual - merely one minute. I suppose for quite a while I've been the only user on my VDSL2 vectoring line since my neighbours appear all to have switched to glass fibre. That is why I exclude busy connections as a cause for low download rates.
