Parazythum's solution resolved the issue on my machine as well. One potentially useful discovery I made while testing this is that Vulkan and Workstation's 3D acceleration work properly on my Optimus laptop when Nvidia Prime is set to "on-demand" and Intel integrated graphics is driving the display. I only encounter this issue when Nvidia Prime is set to "performance mode" and the discrete Nvidia GPU is driving the display, in which case adding export VK_ICD_FILENAMES="/usr/share/vulkan/icd.d/nvidia_icd.json" to ~/.profile resolves the issue.
