You probably received an update to 5.8.0 kernel at that time, as two of my machines did.
Quick googling shows that Workstation 15 does not properly support Linux 5.8 (ex: https://www.reddit.com/r/vmware/comments/ib9top/vmware_workstation_15_unusable_on_linux_kernel_58/)
So, these are two solutions that have worked for me:
- Boot your Ubuntu 20.04 with older kernel (5.4.0)
- Update Workstation to 16 version
