Do you have a GPO for the Exchange setting?
Navigate to:
User Configuration -> Policies -> Administrative Templates -> Microsoft Outlook 2016 -> Account Settings -> Exchange
And set “Automatically configure profile based on Active Directory Primary SMTP address” to Enabled.
“One time Only”. Using the One time Only will not try to apply the configuration on all subsequent Outlook runs.
Not sur eif the one time will help.
I looked at my %localappdata%\Microsoft\Outlook and see 2 files the same size with different extensions. username.nst and username.ost. You have the same?