esxcfg-cfgbackup/vicfg-cfgbackup script actually uses the following vSphere API call: BackupFirmwareConfiguration, if you look at the bottom of the function definition in the you'll see it describe the required privileges to access this function Host.Config.Firmware ... there probably will be other privileges but you'll need at least this.
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William Lam
VMware vExpert 2009
VMware ESX/ESXi scripts and resources at:
VMware Code Central - Scripts/Sample code for Developers and Administrators
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