I've been struggling with this issue for two weeks when upgrading to U2A build 4541947, and finally support came through with a solution.
In our case, the cause was vCenter JRE not being updated correctly.
To workaround the issue, remove the contents of the jre and then perform the upgrade.
Steps:
C:\Program Files\VMware\vCenter Server\jre\bin\libvecsjni.dll
C:\Program Files\VMware\\vCenter Server\jre\lib\ext\vmware-endpoint-certificate-store.jar