Besides the fact that it is unsupported I would try and install all VC Redist versions (and at lest the one you are using now) on the golden image.
Also, when creating a packaging machine I would suggest cloning the golden image and removing unnecessary software and agents (Horizon VIew agent and UEM agent being one of those) and package using that machine.
Even though it is unsupported I think it should still work. This is just a VC Redist issue.