It does appear I can force days into the CSR with openssl.
openssl x509 -req -days 1094 -in /certs/psc_ha_vip.csr -out /certs/psc_ha_vip.crt -CA /var/lib/vmware/vmca/root.cer -CAkey /var/lib/vmware/vmca/privatekey.pem -extensions v3_req -CAcreateserial -extfile /certs/psc_ha_csr_cfg.cfg
So I was able to get the PSC Machine Cert to less than 3 years. But vCenter will be the next hurdle as that will probably end up with a 5 year cert.
I really wish there was a way to just tell VMCA to only issue 3 year certs.