I agree with Reuben, if you want to stay within the VMware APIs without having to rely on other remote tools such as WMI for Windows or SSH for Linux, VMware VIX would be able to provide you those details. If you use VI Java API for instance, there's some integration between VIX API and vSphere API.
Here is a very simple script that I wrote awhile back that does a mapping from a VM's VMDK to Datastore to physical devices supported the VMFS volume - . You'll want to do something similar but extract out the VM's logical disk and it's partition information and SCSI bus and then compare that to SCSI devices in the VM and map that to the actual VMDK.
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William Lam
VMware vExpert 2009,2010
VMware VCP3,4
VMware VCAP4-DCA
VMware scripts and resources at:
Getting Started with the vMA (tips/tricks)
Getting Started with the vSphere SDK for Perl
VMware Code Central - Scripts/Sample code for Developers and Administrators
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