Do you apply vmware vhci patch before build vhci driver ?

What output of "sudo lsusb" command when you redirection your usb device?
what output of "sudo fdisk -l" command when you redirection your usb device?

If you can see your usb device in lsusb command, it means the device redirection successful. But I not sure why you can't see this device in lsblk, could you check and share your system log /var/log/syslog ? You may see following usb log in /var/log/syslog :

Mar 25 06:59:37 ubuntu180405 kernel: [1415654.663536] usb 2-1: new SuperSpeed Gen 1 USB device number 2 using usb_vhci_hcd
Mar 25 06:59:37 ubuntu180405 kernel: [1415654.771427] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=090c, idProduct=2000, bcdDevice=11.00
Mar 25 06:59:37 ubuntu180405 kernel: [1415654.771432] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
Mar 25 06:59:37 ubuntu180405 kernel: [1415654.771435] usb 2-1: Product: USB DISK
Mar 25 06:59:37 ubuntu180405 kernel: [1415654.771437] usb 2-1: Manufacturer: SMI Corporation
Mar 25 06:59:37 ubuntu180405 kernel: [1415654.771439] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: CCYYMMDDHHmmSSHO5FZE
Mar 25 06:59:37 ubuntu180405 kernel: [1415654.916747] usb-storage 2-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
Mar 25 06:59:37 ubuntu180405 kernel: [1415654.917644] scsi host33: usb-storage 2-1:1.0
Mar 25 06:59:37 ubuntu180405 mtp-probe: checking bus 2, device 2: "/sys/devices/platform/usb_vhci_hcd.0/usb2/2-1"
Mar 25 06:59:37 ubuntu180405 mtp-probe: bus: 2, device: 2 was not an MTP device
Mar 25 06:59:37 ubuntu180405 upowerd[1242]: unhandled action 'bind' on /sys/devices/platform/usb_vhci_hcd.0/usb2/2-1/2-1:1.0
Mar 25 06:59:37 ubuntu180405 upowerd[1242]: unhandled action 'bind' on /sys/devices/platform/usb_vhci_hcd.0/usb2/2-1
Mar 25 06:59:38 ubuntu180405 kernel: [1415655.999633] scsi 33:0:0:0: Direct-Access SMI USB DISK 1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
Mar 25 06:59:38 ubuntu180405 kernel: [1415656.000699] scsi 33:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
Mar 25 06:59:38 ubuntu180405 kernel: [1415656.068523] sd 33:0:0:0: [sdb] 122880000 512-byte logical blocks: (62.9 GB/58.6 GiB)
Mar 25 06:59:38 ubuntu180405 kernel: [1415656.106133] sd 33:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
Mar 25 06:59:38 ubuntu180405 kernel: [1415656.106141] sd 33:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
Mar 25 06:59:38 ubuntu180405 kernel: [1415656.149320] sd 33:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
Mar 25 06:59:38 ubuntu180405 kernel: [1415656.380908] sdb: sdb1
Mar 25 06:59:39 ubuntu180405 kernel: [1415656.520743] sd 33:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk