We're using Workspace One Access with our Horizon on-prem deployment but not using the Hub browser experience thus our portal looks a bit different than the above image.

We are having the same problem. Our users are not able to launch applications or desktops in chromebook using the workspace one portal in the chrome browser. Instead our current work around is to have them install the workspace one app from the playstore and also the horizon client from the playstore and launch it from the workspace one app. It would be convenient if users could just launch it from the web page and it open the client rather than having to use the workspace one app as we don't have SSO certs for mobile devices enabled.

Is there a setting in chrome that will allow it to see the client and launch the application when clicked? If not, you mentioned that VMware was able to associate the code for the workspace one portal but when was that done? I am using 20.01.0.0 Build 15509389.