Thanks @scott28tt 

Coincidentally I had just found that same site myself here this evening, and had just succesfully used method 1 described there to get to Safe Mode.

Though unfortunately getting to Safe Mode didn't solve my problem with the black screen after logging in.  Still get the black screen, both in Safe Mode and also low resolution video mode.  Safe Mode with Command Prompt does display, though not sure if anything can be done from there to fix the main problem.

Anyway, instead in Troubleshoot -> Advanced Options, that you go through to get to Safe Mode from the link, there is also an option to Uninstall Updates, so I used that to roll back the latest Windows feature update.  I now have Windows displaying and working properly again after I login.  I think the feature update that causes the black screen problem to appear, is version 20H2, which it seems is a new version of Windows.  So now I'm not sure how I'll ever get that version installed and working.  Maybe something to do with VMWare Tools?  I'll post a separate topic about that tomorrow.