You can do
Get-Datastore -Name MyDS | Get-VMHost | Get-Cluster
But datastores are kept on the level of the Datacenter.
A datastore can be visible on one or more ESXi nodes in that Datacenter (that depends on the LUN mapping in your storage solution)..
From the ESXi nodes you can go to the Cluster, but you would need to make sure that the datastore is visible on all ESXi nodes in the cluster as well.
