It seems like the installer can not create temporary folder to extract itself. It may caused by some security software protect user's temporary folder.
You can try to clean up you %temp% directory, go to %temp% folder, and check if the {EA977A56-9030-471A-B2E1-04E1240E9570}~setup exist, if it does, delete this folder and run Workstation installer again.
If it still not working, you can try to extract installer by youself with following steps:
1. Create one path as the workspace, for example, C:\workspace, move you downloaded Workstation installer to here.
2. Launch cmd console as administrator, and nevigate to C:\workspace.
3. Run following command one by one
set TMP=C:\workspace
set TEMP=C:\workspace
VMware-workstation-full-15.5.5-16285975.exe /X
4. The splash window will show up, after a while, it exit.
5. You can find the extracted installer in you C:\workspace\{EA977A56-9030-471A-B2E1-04E1240E9570}~setup
6. In explorer, go inside this folder (you may be told this folder is protected by administrator, click continue), double click the vcredist_x86.exe and vcredist_x64.exe one by one to install them, you may be asked to reboot the host to finish install. If so, reboot host.
7. Finially you can double click the VMwareWorkstation.msi to launch the Workstation setup.
Let me know if it works.
