This problem doesn't happen in my environment, I am using the new Workstation Pro 14.0 version.
My host is Win 10, and guest is Win 10 or Ubuntu 17.04, configure WS network settings as same as your configuration.
Host can ping guest well after I disable firewall in the guest VM.
Please try to ping the guest vm's ip address starting with "192.168..." after disabling the firewall in your guest vm, and at your Win host use command "route print" to check your active routes, it should contain network destination "192.168.*.*" if work normally.