Mount-tools are not really useful for your case - your Windows does not understand the filesystem anyway.
You have two very easy ways to get access to the corrupted VMDK - I assume that the Linux filesystem is corrupt and not the virtual disk itself.
1. edit VM settings and assign a Linux LiveCD like Knoppix as an iso-file. Then change bootorder and start from the LiveCD
2. use another Linux VM and edit the settings - add another disk and select "use existing vmdk". Select the corrupt disk then.
Both ways will give you read access to the filesystem of the broken vmdk.
It is important to understand that the vmdk can have corrupt vmdk-structures - then you get an error message at start like "this virtual disk needs repair"
and you can have a broken guest filesystem on a healthy vmdk. In this case you would get Linux messages at boot like "panic - cant find root filesystem"
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Do you need support with a VMFS recovery problem ? - send a message via skype "sanbarrow"
I do not support Workstation 16 at this time ...