I am relatively new to VMware and I was presented with this scenario from a colleague. Are there default/known practices to do such test? Can I from one VM troubleshoot another with Firewall enabled? And How?
This isn’t specific to VMware Workstation and the fact you are running the OSes inside VMs, it’s just regular firewall/network testing.
(If I have understood your question correctly)
It seems so. But still I don't know how to investigate that. Is there a method to do so?
Google took me to this: https://www.lifewire.com/how-to-test-your-firewall-2487969
To troubleshoot a VM you read the vmware.log.
To check if a host has open ports in its firewall you use pentesting tools.
Your post does not explain what you actually want to !
An easy to use tool for checking firewalls is Nmap - it can be easily installed on Linux.
If you run the Kali LiveCD several useful tools are already buildin.
Ulli