I am running Linux Fedora 7 as the host. The guest I am running is RHEL4 - and it is really slow. Once the system does boot and after logging in, I can type `date` and in one example took 25 seconds before one second would pass in the guest. The log has A LOT of entries with `TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414162401 (to 156088208438404); assuming TSC was reset`, and I hope that leads to a solution. I used to run this same guest without problems, just have been upgrading my kernel and running the vmware-config.pl with the any-any patch to make this work under FC7. I believe I used version 112 or 113.
The host machine is a dual core pentium laptop - Dell D620 with 2 GB or ram. I am including my vmx file and the log up to boot up. Any help would be appreciated! Thanks, Ken
VMX:
#!/usr/bin/vmware
config.version = "8"
virtualHW.version = "6"
scsi0.present = "TRUE"
scsi0.virtualDev = "lsilogic"
memsize = "1024"
MemAllowAutoScaleDown = "FALSE"
scsi0:0.present = "TRUE"
scsi0:0.fileName = "RHEL4.vmdk"
ide1:0.present = "TRUE"
ide1:0.autodetect = "TRUE"
ide1:0.deviceType = "cdrom-image"
floppy0.startConnected = "FALSE"
floppy0.autodetect = "TRUE"
ethernet0.present = "TRUE"
ethernet0.wakeOnPcktRcv = "FALSE"
usb.present = "TRUE"
ehci.present = "TRUE"
sound.present = "TRUE"
sound.fileName = "-1"
sound.autodetect = "TRUE"
svga.autodetect = "TRUE"
pciBridge0.present = "TRUE"
isolation.tools.hgfs.disable = "FALSE"
displayName = "RHEL4"
guestOS = "rhel4"
nvram = "RHEL4.nvram"
deploymentPlatform = "windows"
virtualHW.productCompatibility = "hosted"
RemoteDisplay.vnc.port = "0"
tools.upgrade.policy = "useGlobal"
ide1:0.fileName = "/home/klee/Download/portal_1014.iso"
floppy0.fileName = "/dev/fd0"
ide1:0.startConnected = "FALSE"
ethernet0.addressType = "generated"
uuid.location = "56 4d af e7 28 79 7b 9f-df 88 42 bc 87 f6 58 6d"
uuid.bios = "56 4d af e7 28 79 7b 9f-df 88 42 bc 87 f6 58 6d"
scsi0:0.redo = ""
pciBridge0.pciSlotNumber = "17"
scsi0.pciSlotNumber = "16"
ethernet0.pciSlotNumber = "32"
sound.pciSlotNumber = "33"
ehci.pciSlotNumber = "34"
ethernet0.generatedAddress = "00:0c:29:f6:58:6d"
ethernet0.generatedAddressOffset = "0"
sound.startConnected = "FALSE"
#tools.syncTime = "TRUE"
tools.syncTime = true
extendedConfigFile = "RHEL4.vmxf"
sharedFolder.option = "alwaysEnabled"
sharedFolder.maxNum = "1"
sharedFolder0.present = "TRUE"
sharedFolder0.enabled = "TRUE"
sharedFolder0.readAccess = "TRUE"
sharedFolder0.writeAccess = "TRUE"
sharedFolder0.hostPath = "/home/klee/Download"
sharedFolder0.guestName = "Download"
sharedFolder0.expiration = "never"
Log:
Oct 04 12:02:16.824: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4401855546 (to 155814241708642); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:02:16.845: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4396325593 (to 155814280154082); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:02:17.141: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4339630757 (to 155814820098443); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:02:17.214: vcpu-0| SVGA: Unregistering IOSpace at 0x1400
Oct 04 12:02:17.214: vcpu-0| SVGA: Registering IOSpace at 0xfffffff0
Oct 04 12:02:17.214: vcpu-0| SVGA: Unregistering IOSpace at 0xfffffff0
Oct 04 12:02:17.214: vcpu-0| SVGA: Registering IOSpace at 0x1400
Oct 04 12:02:18.005: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4408456085 (to 155816400123560); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:02:19.101: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4412801096 (to 155818404306851); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:02:20.101: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413241107 (to 155820233095362); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:22.572: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414796023 (to 156044201782359); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:22.710: vcpu-0| SCSI0: RESET BUS
Oct 04 12:04:22.725: vcpu-0| SCSI DEVICE (scsi0:0): MODE SENSE(6) for unsupported page 0x8
Oct 04 12:04:22.731: vcpu-0| SCSI DEVICE (scsi0:0): MODE SENSE(6) for unsupported page 0x8
Oct 04 12:04:39.281: vcpu-0| SCSI-DEV0:0: Unsupported command READ BUFFER issued. --ok
Oct 04 12:04:39.281: vcpu-0| SCSI-DEV0:0: Unsupported command READ BUFFER issued. --ok
Oct 04 12:04:46.134: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413089351 (to 156087290103008); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:46.446: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4357888733 (to 156087859434199); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:46.616: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414795517 (to 156088171556306); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:46.629: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414763573 (to 156088195872895); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:46.632: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414493556 (to 156088200118136); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:46.634: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414470291 (to 156088203732395); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:46.636: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414162401 (to 156088208438404); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:46.641: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413687773 (to 156088217204700); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:46.643: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414132921 (to 156088220720960); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:46.646: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414153326 (to 156088225495961); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:46.661: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414573548 (to 156088252896631); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:46.662: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414538986 (to 156088254520726); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:46.663: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413601324 (to 156088256901148); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:46.676: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413914252 (to 156088280747652); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:46.787: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414808486 (to 156088484531276); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:46.892: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413802866 (to 156088676637465); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:47.038: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413372964 (to 156088942261351); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.429: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4412792098 (to 156091485991034); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.523: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414668929 (to 156091658083438); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.536: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4411694870 (to 156091682226568); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.583: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4411072853 (to 156091768994194); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.622: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4410720864 (to 156091839639901); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.653: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4412329977 (to 156091895934920); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.661: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4412450735 (to 156091910483806); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.718: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4411388322 (to 156092014483207); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.725: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4411161304 (to 156092028379749); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.827: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4400379148 (to 156092215249311); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.853: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4412880527 (to 156092261436463); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.866: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414079824 (to 156092286069863); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.890: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414304015 (to 156092329320312); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.932: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413988535 (to 156092406004612); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.941: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413750011 (to 156092423288560); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.964: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414683350 (to 156092465239304); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.971: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414182146 (to 156092477300606); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.973: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413974444 (to 156092482166005); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.975: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414395557 (to 156092485873401); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.976: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414481610 (to 156092487308109); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.980: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414205576 (to 156092493989597); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:48.981: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414255494 (to 156092495475818); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:49.005: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414554034 (to 156092539633074); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:49.055: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413820653 (to 156092631159300); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:49.086: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4411593098 (to 156092687530824); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:49.108: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4412866579 (to 156092729196426); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:49.160: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4407084605 (to 156092823595335); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:49.179: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4400945241 (to 156092858150702); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:49.192: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4406439422 (to 156092882683892); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:49.229: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4411475783 (to 156092950621454); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:49.317: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414409725 (to 156093111018988); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:49.322: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4409885260 (to 156093119328091); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:49.526: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4409914718 (to 156093493093131); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:49.559: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4408518686 (to 156093552575279); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:49.662: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4409694839 (to 156093742005531); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:49.758: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4410033452 (to 156093917414710); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:49.781: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4412670900 (to 156093958507707); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:49.837: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413411684 (to 156094061061906); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:50.001: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413187108 (to 156094361208632); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:50.056: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4412303192 (to 156094461737566); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:50.066: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413959506 (to 156094479583944); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:50.267: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413072312 (to 156094848690550); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:51.826: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414478673 (to 156097698213754); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:51.907: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4401049774 (to 156097847069274); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:52.013: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4411706332 (to 156098041290708); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:52.025: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414470038 (to 156098062760684); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:52.028: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413669678 (to 156098068622958); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:52.045: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4411993300 (to 156098099305368); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:52.060: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413870395 (to 156098127615485); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:52.067: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414161873 (to 156098138911891); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:52.069: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4410957034 (to 156098143637667); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:52.091: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4403695362 (to 156098182659342); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:52.097: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4414182113 (to 156098195290279); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:52.101: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4412982893 (to 156098201766232); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:52.114: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413659030 (to 156098225528410); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:52.133: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4406090623 (to 156098259616255); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:04:59.178: vcpu-0| VNET: Notification enabled for Ethernet0
Oct 04 12:05:02.485: vcpu-0| UHCI: Global Reset
Oct 04 12:05:02.603: vcpu-0| UHCI: HCReset
Oct 04 12:05:15.476: vcpu-0| SCSI DEVICE (scsi0:0): INQUIRY request with EVPD set
Oct 04 12:05:15.477: vcpu-0| SCSI DEVICE (scsi0:0): INQUIRY request with EVPD set
Oct 04 12:05:15.843: vcpu-0| GuestRpc: Channel 0, registration number 1, guest application tools-hgfs.
Oct 04 12:05:15.843: vcpu-0| DISKUTIL: scsi0:0 : toolsVersion = 7238
Oct 04 12:05:16.026: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4413161808 (to 156141954813768); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:08:10.892: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4411831413 (to 156461738520615); assuming TSC was reset
Oct 04 12:08:12.379: vcpu-0| GuestRpc: Channel 2, registration number 1, guest application toolbox.
Oct 04 12:08:12.379: vcpu-0| TOOLS sending 'OS_PowerOn' (3) state change request
Oct 04 12:08:12.379: vcpu-0| DISKUTIL: scsi0:0 : toolsVersion = 7238
Oct 04 12:08:12.398: vcpu-0| TOOLS autoupgrade protocol version 2
Oct 04 12:08:12.399: vcpu-0| TOOLS ToolsCapabilityGuestTempDirectory received 1 /tmp/vmware-root
Oct 04 12:08:12.399: vcpu-0| TOOLS setting the tools version to '7238'
Oct 04 12:08:12.399: vcpu-0| VMXVmdbGuest_GetGuestUptime failed. ret = Type mismatch
Oct 04 12:08:12.399: vcpu-0| DISKUTIL: scsi0:0 : toolsVersion = 7238
Oct 04 12:08:12.399: vcpu-0| TOOLS installed version 7238, available version 7238
Oct 04 12:08:12.399: vcpu-0| TOOLS don't need to be upgraded.
Oct 04 12:08:12.548: vcpu-0| Guest: toolbox: Version: build-45731
Oct 04 12:08:12.548: vcpu-0| TOOLS unified loop capability requested by 'toolbox'; now sending options via TCLO
Oct 04 12:08:13.220: vcpu-0| SCSI DEVICE (scsi0:0): MODE SENSE(6) for unsupported page 0x1c
Oct 04 12:09:00.631: vcpu-0| SCSI DEVICE (scsi0:0): INQUIRY request with EVPD set
Oct 04 12:10:18.381: vcpu-0| TimeTracker_ApparentTimeNoLoggingReplay: PTSC_Get changed by -4411016984 (to 156694881991560); assuming TSC was reset
Try disabling SpeedStep in the host BIOS and OS.
I disabled speedstep in the host BIOS. In the OS, the only option that appeared to be related was cpuspeed, which I disabled. This service wasn't started after I rebooted the OS. If there is something else, then I need more information. The guest is still really slow - takes around 15 minutes for the initial bootup. Still waiting for the shutdown to complete (about 10 minutes) - both smartd and irqbalance show as failed when shutting down. I also experience the PCI: Cannot allocate resource region 4 of device 0000:00:07.1 on startup, but found information about this by searching the forums - seems to not really matter and is a bug in the Linux kernel.
Thanks for the idea, I wish it would have panned out.
Ken
I also have been having trouble on my other laptop with this issue. On that machine, I only run VMWare Player, not Workstation and player as on this machine.) - the other machine also is a Dell D610 single core processor.
I found helpful information in the following llink: http://communities.vmware.com/message/326402
Basically, this changes how ACPI functions. On the single processor laptop, the workaround seems to help a lot. I tried the same procedure on my main laptop with the dual cores, and the guests still have timing issues - really slow clock and slow program execution.
If the workaround to placing a value of 1 in the max_cstate worked for the single core machine, what would be a similar approach for the dual core?
Other things I have tried:
On the Host in the /etc/vmware/config file:
host.cpukHz = 1828869
host.noTSC = TRUE
ptsc.noTSC = TRUE
This didn't work, but this also only applies to one of the cores. Not sure if the syntax needs to be updated to apply to both cores or not.
Added the following kernel parameters: noacpi nolapic nosmp
This didn't have any affect either. Added the clock=pit, but that didn't help either.
Any help would be appreciated!
Thanks, Ken
This is more of a work-around, but it did work.
I went to the package directory on the Fedora website, and installed both the kernel and kernel-header files for 2.6.21-1.3194.fc7. I added this to grub, and now both workstation and player both work without time issues.
http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/releases/7/Fedora/i386/os/Fedora/
When installing these RPMs, I had to add the --force option. rpm -ivh --force <rpm name>
Hope this helps others with this issue.
Thanks, Ken