VMware Cloud Community
jesh_n
Contributor
Contributor
Jump to solution

Domain Setup

Hi Guys

I need advice, I need to setup a domain enviroment at our office which will contain a linux server for the email service. This enviroment must also have DHCP, DNS and WINS. I need to use virtualization to complete this, I have a Poweredge T420 server (Intel Xeon @ 1.9Ghz, 32Gig Ram with a 925Gig datastore(Raid 1+0) ) , ESXi 5.1 is installed and running. What would be the best configuration for this virtual server in terms of the number of virtual machines to setup and the services they should handle etc. . .

0 Kudos
1 Solution

Accepted Solutions
spravtek
Expert
Expert
Jump to solution

Well ... Redundancy all depends on your current network setup and if there are any plans in the future to expand.

For example, if you have just the one host and the one network switch, there is not much room for redundancy, only possible failure you would catch is if 1 pnic would fail or 1 port on your switch, so if you want to have redundancy for that you can add a second pnic to your host and connect it to the same switch, but then you would have to pay attention on the configuration of the physical switch as well ... You can have 1 pnic in standby, then it would become active if the other one fails ...

It becomes more interesting if you have a second switch... But necessary it isn't ...

If you're interested to see how it is all configured, check out this KB: http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=100408...

This is just a small KB, I suggest for more in-depth information you check out the doc: http://pubs.vmware.com/vsphere-50/topic/com.vmware.ICbase/PDF/vsphere-esxi-vcenter-server-50-network...

More interesting docs: http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/support/landing_pages/Virtual-Support-Day-Best-Practices-Virtual-Net...

According to best practices it isn't a good idea to install WSUS on a DC, and personally I wouldn't install it on the File Server ... So maybe a smaller VM would be beneficial, maybe you can combine it with something else, like an Anti-Virus management server or something.

View solution in original post

0 Kudos
9 Replies
spravtek
Expert
Expert
Jump to solution

Hello,

Welcome to the community...

Can you explain a little more in detail what exactly you mean with this question?

What would be the best configuration for this virtual server in terms of the number of virtual machines to setup and the services they should handle etc. . .

Do you mean how much memory each VM should receive? Or?

Or is it more like how you should setup your network, vSwitches, pNics??

0 Kudos
jesh_n
Contributor
Contributor
Jump to solution

Thank you spravtek Smiley Happy

I guess what you are asking me is everything that I need to know,

I havent worked much with virtualization before (...and by not much i mean nothing at all...), what i really need help with is, what would be the best practices to use to setup this enviroment efficiently like i know i need one one VM for the linux server, but like how many Microsoft servers are recommended, can one VM DC be able to handle all the services needed, or should i setup more than one. and how much much memory / space should i allocate to these servers etc,

and like you said what will be the most efficient way to setup the vswitches for this type of network. This site will have at most 80 users at any time, and i will be using Windows Server 2012 as the domain controller

I know what all that Im asking is a very broad and vague question, but any advise would be really helpful right now . . .Smiley Happy

much appreciated spravtek

0 Kudos
spravtek
Expert
Expert
Jump to solution

In an ideal environment you would have at least 1 physical DC as a backup, especially handy when your entire virtual environment went down for some reason, as I said, that would be ideal, but not necessary.

For your environment 1 DC would be enough, you could have two of course, devide your DNS and DHCP services between the two, then when 1 of your 2 DC's would tank you have backup for it, of course, if your entire virtual environment would go down, it doesn't do much good.

Since you only have the 1 ESXi host there isn't much room for redundancy, I suggest to invest in a good backup system for your VM's.

The virtual network should be set up so that you have your management and vmotion on a separate vswitch with its own physical nics connected to it, then another vswitch for the LAN and if needed (maybe for mail) another switch, or portgroup if you use VLANs, for DMZ. (same goes if you're using VLANs on your network).

As for your VM's, always start with a low setting for CPU and memory, for example always make your VM's with 1vCPU where possible, then later check the performance and add another vCPU where needed (in modern Windows OS's this is hot plugable without any issues) ...

Same goes for memory basically, I have customers running Windows 2008R2 DC's with 2GB memory and they are running fine, if you see your DC struggling just add some more memory and or cpu.

As for disk space, that is another ballpark figure, usually, when available, people will create a template using thin provisioned disks and make full VM's from them using eager zeroed ... For Windows servers a minimum of 30GB is recommended (though with all updates lately 40 to 50Gb is sometimes used as well), disks in Windows usually can be extended quite easy, so you don't need to worry about that too much.

Mail servers are usually quite memory/cpu hungry, so try to find some information as what is the minimum requirements for your setup, most of the time if you follow the requirements the software maker gives you, you'll be ok.

I hope this helps you out a little, as you said, it's quite broad ...

If you're looking to pick up some more knowledge about ESX and/or design, check out this book: http://www.amazon.com/VMware-vSphere-Design-Forbes-Guthrie/dp/0470922028

If you have any more questions, I'll try to answer them as good as possible Smiley Wink

Good luck

jesh_n
Contributor
Contributor
Jump to solution

Thanks spravtek, this is really gonna help me, i will definitely keep you informed about the progress Smiley Happy besides im sure im gonna be asking you more questions soon!! lol

thanks once again spravtek

0 Kudos
jesh_n
Contributor
Contributor
Jump to solution

Hey spravtek.

Ok so this is what i have done so far, I have created three vms,

  • one domain controller (running dns and dhcp), one file and print server  - both vms have 1 processor and and 8gig ram each and are running Server 2012 , both these servers are on one vswitch with 1 physical nic.
  • the other is a  linux server for mail ( 1 processor and 4 gig ram, running fedora11) and on another vswitch with 1 physical nic
  • management network is seperated

What are your thoughts on this configuration spravtek? Will it suffice?

0 Kudos
spravtek
Expert
Expert
Jump to solution

Hey,

  • 8Gb for a Domain Controller is plenty, depending on what load the File&Print server is under 8Gb can be enough but can be less as well, if it's a busy print server you might benefit from a second core or CPU. If you have a spare vNIC to connect to your vSwitch (and it's redundantly hooked up to a physical switch), that might be a useful step to take.
  • I'm not a Linux specialist, but a mail server from Microsoft usually benefits from a second CPU... And generally needs loads more memory, but that might be typical Microsoft as I said ... Again, if possible in your environment, try to create a redundant network setup when you have the chance, if 1 physical switch/port or 1 pNIC of your ESXi host dies you have a spare and ESXi will automatically fail-over when properly configured.
  • Separate management is fine of course.

Will there be more VM's coming in the future?

If not you can just as well give the VM's more CPU's otherwise they will be "wasted" ... But in general it is not really needed.

jesh_n
Contributor
Contributor
Jump to solution

Yea i think you right, the fps will be used alot so i will add another cpu to it.

I was thinking of adding more physical nics to the server for reduncancy and load balancing, but please give more advice on making the network a bit more balanced and reduntant.

well I have jus been told that a WSUS server will also be needed at that site, should i just add this role to one of the servers or should it be a new vm?

0 Kudos
spravtek
Expert
Expert
Jump to solution

Well ... Redundancy all depends on your current network setup and if there are any plans in the future to expand.

For example, if you have just the one host and the one network switch, there is not much room for redundancy, only possible failure you would catch is if 1 pnic would fail or 1 port on your switch, so if you want to have redundancy for that you can add a second pnic to your host and connect it to the same switch, but then you would have to pay attention on the configuration of the physical switch as well ... You can have 1 pnic in standby, then it would become active if the other one fails ...

It becomes more interesting if you have a second switch... But necessary it isn't ...

If you're interested to see how it is all configured, check out this KB: http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=100408...

This is just a small KB, I suggest for more in-depth information you check out the doc: http://pubs.vmware.com/vsphere-50/topic/com.vmware.ICbase/PDF/vsphere-esxi-vcenter-server-50-network...

More interesting docs: http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/support/landing_pages/Virtual-Support-Day-Best-Practices-Virtual-Net...

According to best practices it isn't a good idea to install WSUS on a DC, and personally I wouldn't install it on the File Server ... So maybe a smaller VM would be beneficial, maybe you can combine it with something else, like an Anti-Virus management server or something.

0 Kudos
jesh_n
Contributor
Contributor
Jump to solution

ok i will theck these out now

thanks once again spravtek and i will keep you informed of progress Smiley Happy

0 Kudos